The talk will review the primary concepts of some of the key adaptive energy management techniques and will focus on dynamic voltage/frequency scaling and a new HW/SW co-design methodology for the synthesis of energy-efficient multi-mode embedded systems. A case study of a smart phone will be used to show how advantage can be taken of the diversity of functions that embedded computing systems need to perform along with their execution probabilities to reduce system energy consumption (dynamic and static power) under real-time constraint. Consideration will be given to the effects of energy management on the reliability of embedded systems. The impact of some recently proposed fault tolerance techniques on the systems energy saving and fault tolerance capability will be outlined as well as some techniques that are being developed at Southampton University. These are aimed at improving systems reliability in the presence of transient faults without compromising energy dissipation.